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Geminoid is an android that looks and moves like its prototype with very high level of resemblance. The first model of this robot (was developed in 2006), Geminoid HI-1, was the cybernetic twin of its creator, Professor Hiroshi Ishiguro from Japan, who works at Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR, based in Kyoto) and Osaka…
SpringWalker Exoskelton is a self-actuated spring-action human bipedal device that includes a back-mounted frame attached to the upper torso of a user, and separate articulated right and left leg frames pivotally attached by U-joints to lower portions of the back frame.[1][2] Drawing of SpringWalker. [1] The user’s feet are secured to the leg frames so…
Since 1990 Theo Jansen, Dutch artist and kinetic sculptor, builds huge structures that resemble skeletons of animals which are able to move under the influence of wind on the sandy beaches.[1][2][3] These structures are known as Strandbeest (Dutch: strand = beach; beest = beast), wind-walking examples of artificial life. Jansen calls them “animals” or “creatures”.[2][3]…
The Adaptive Suspension Vehicle (ASV) is a six-legged robotic system designed for sustained locomotion on unstructured terrain. The ASV project was initiated in January 1981 under the lead of Kenneth McGhee along with Robert Waldron at the Ohio State University (OSU), USA. The machine took its first steps in December 1985. The first outdoor tests…
HAL (the Hybrid Assistive Limb) is a powered exoskeleton suit currently in development by Tsukuba University in Japan. There are currently two prototypes: HAL-3 (restoring of the leg function) and HAL-5 (a full-body exoskeleton for the arms, legs, and torso). HAL-5 is currently capable of allowing the operator to lift and carry about five times…
Six-legged walking harvester “Plusjack” was developed in 1999 by the “Plustech” Finnish company (the advanced research and development unit of “Timberjack”, now a “John Deere” company).[1][7] Plusjack Walking harvester. [5] Harvester has been designed to navigate the difficult terrain (e.g. steep slopes), with the implementation of the principle of applying the minimum damage to…
The «Voyager» program [1] is a United States project for study the distant planets of Solar System, that launched the unmanned space missions, scientific probes «Voyager-1» and «Voyager-2».[2] Spacecrafts of «Voyager» series were created in the JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) of NASA. These space vehicles – autonomous robots, equipped by power plants, rocket engines, computers,…
In 1965 at the University of Southern California R. McGhee and A. Frank constructed four-legged walking machine, known as «The Californian Horse» or «Phony Pony». This device was equipped by electrical motors, it had two degrees of freedom in each leg (thigh and knee) and one adaptive degree of freedom in the frontal plane.[1] The…
Boeing X-37B, the Orbital Test Vehicle (X-37B OTV), is an American unmanned robotic vertical-takeoff (with using of rocket), horizontal-landing spaceplane.[1] Boeing X-37B in fairing. [2]1 This spaceplane is designed to operate at altitudes of 200-750 km, it is able to quickly change the orbits, make evolutions, also it can perform the reconnaissance missions and…
In 1963 N. Mizen (Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Buffalo NY) has developed a passive exoskeleton, which was able to register (with big precision) the movements of all parts of the body except the neck, fingers and toes.[1] Exoskeleton of N. Mizen. [1] The obtained data are very considerable for the development of active exoskeletons (from…
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