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The Tu-123 «Yastreb» (another designation: DBR-1) – supersonic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), created by the Tupolev Design Bureau (Tupolev OKB-156) at the early 1960s in the Soviet Union. It was intended to conduct the photographic and electronic reconnaissance at ranges up to 3,200 km.[1-4] The DBR-1 was created on base of the Tu-121 UAV (was…
Robotug is a mobile automatic transport truck (TT), created by British multinational company EMI. This device is able to carry a cargo directly or a set of the trolleys.[1] Robotug transport truck with the automatic course stabilization: 1 – brake coil; 2 – transistorized device of control; 3 – handle braking; 4 – drive; 5…
Collecting the samples of lunar soil and delivery them to Earth was a part of the Luna program, that included a series of robotic spacecraft missions sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union between 1959 and 1976. The lunar soil samples were successfully retrieved by Luna-16, Luna-20 and Luna-24 probes. All these spacecrafts had…
Unimate was the first patented industrial robot, which worked on a General Motors assembly line at the Inland Fisher Guide Plant in Ewing Township, New Jersey, in 1961. It was created by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patent filed in 1954 and granted in 1961. George Devol, together with Joseph Engelberger, started…
Shakey the robot was the first general-purpose mobile robot to be able to reason about its own actions. While other robots would have to be instructed on each individual step of completing a larger task, Shakey could analyze the command and break it down into basic chunks by itself.[1][2][3][4] Shakey was developed from 1966 through…
The «Voyager» program [1] is a United States project for study the distant planets of Solar System, that launched the unmanned space missions, scientific probes «Voyager-1» and «Voyager-2».[2] Spacecrafts of «Voyager» series were created in the JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) of NASA. These space vehicles – autonomous robots, equipped by power plants, rocket engines, computers,…
The world’s first Soviet Mars rovers had name: Instrument of evaluation of maneuverability – Mars (PrOP-M, local abbreviation). They were designed and manufactured by VNIItransmash, chief designer – Alexander L. Kemurdzhian.[1] Two automatic rovers reached the Martian surface during “Mars-2” and “Mars-3” missions in 1971. None of them fulfilled its mission.[3] “Mars-3” automatic interplanetary station….
Adaptive walking machine with hydraulic actuator was designed by M. Ignatiev in USSR.[1] Robot had 6 multilink “spidery” legs. PhD in Technical Sciences, Professor Mikhail B. Ignatiev is a specialist in the field of automatic and automated systems. He conducted research in the field of cybernetics, robotics, systems analysis and computer engineering. He created the…
In the early 1970s, M. Petternella with a group of colleagues (Institute of Automation, Rome, Italy – Istituto di Automatica, Rome, Italy) has created a six-legged walking machine with electric drives. There is interesting design solution for legs: hip performed as a hinge with the lateral axis (one degree of freedom), and telescoping of shank…
KUKA Aktiengesellschaft (Germany) is one of the world’s leading suppliers of robotics as well as plant and systems engineering.[1] In 1973 KUKA created the world’s first industrial robot with six electromechanically driven axes, known as FAMULUS. Today the company’s 4 and 6 axis robots range from 3 kg to 1300 kg payloads, and 350 mm…
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