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In 1965 at the University of Southern California R. McGhee and A. Frank constructed four-legged walking machine, known as «The Californian Horse» or «Phony Pony». This device was equipped by electrical motors, it had two degrees of freedom in each leg (thigh and knee) and one adaptive degree of freedom in the frontal plane.[1] The…
Boeing X-37B, the Orbital Test Vehicle (X-37B OTV), is an American unmanned robotic vertical-takeoff (with using of rocket), horizontal-landing spaceplane.[1] Boeing X-37B in fairing. [2]1 This spaceplane is designed to operate at altitudes of 200-750 km, it is able to quickly change the orbits, make evolutions, also it can perform the reconnaissance missions and…
In 1963 N. Mizen (Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Buffalo NY) has developed a passive exoskeleton, which was able to register (with big precision) the movements of all parts of the body except the neck, fingers and toes.[1] Exoskeleton of N. Mizen. [1] The obtained data are very considerable for the development of active exoskeletons (from…
The world’s first Soviet Mars rovers had name: Instrument of evaluation of maneuverability – Mars (PrOP-M, local abbreviation). They were designed and manufactured by VNIItransmash, chief designer – Alexander L. Kemurdzhian.[1] Two automatic rovers reached the Martian surface during “Mars-2” and “Mars-3” missions in 1971. None of them fulfilled its mission.[3] “Mars-3” automatic interplanetary station….
Adaptive walking machine with hydraulic actuator was designed by M. Ignatiev in USSR.[1] Robot had 6 multilink “spidery” legs. PhD in Technical Sciences, Professor Mikhail B. Ignatiev is a specialist in the field of automatic and automated systems. He conducted research in the field of cybernetics, robotics, systems analysis and computer engineering. He created the…
The tragic events at Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986 in USSR [1-5] caused the need of the urgent creation of unmanned robotic vehicles with remote control. Such specialized transport robots (STR) have been created by VNIItransmash on the basis of experience at developing and testing of “Lunokhod-1” and experimental models of planetary rovers….
Mondo Spider is a ridable mechanical eight-legged walking machine. It was designed and built in 2005 and 2006 by team, based in Vancouver (Canada): Leigh Christie, Jonathan Tippett, Charlie Brison, Alex Mossman, Dillard Brinson, Sam Meyer and Ryan Johnston. Also team consisted of a range of volunteers-helpers.[1][2] Mondo Spider walking machine. [3] 1 The Mondo…
During World War II, German Navy (Kriegsmarine) used the Linse radio-controlled boats. This boat was designed for diversion operations to undermine the enemy ships. Linse had a length of 5.75 m, width – 1.75 m, crew – 1 person, the engine power of 70 kW, 1 propeller. The boat was capable of traveling at distance…
Greek mathematician and engineer Heron of Alexandria (lived and worked in Alexandria in the second half of the first century A.D., Roman Egypt) invented the first automatic doors, automatic puppet theater, vending machine, quick self-charging crossbow, steam turbine, automated scenery, the device to measure the length of roads (the ancient “taximeter”), etc.[1-3] Heron of Alexandria…
In the early 1970s, M. Petternella with a group of colleagues (Institute of Automation, Rome, Italy – Istituto di Automatica, Rome, Italy) has created a six-legged walking machine with electric drives. There is interesting design solution for legs: hip performed as a hinge with the lateral axis (one degree of freedom), and telescoping of shank…
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